Thoughts of Old Time at West Fort Mountain
- Poetry of Liu Yuxi

《西塞山怀古》

English Rendering

Since Wang Jun brought his towering ships down from Yizhou,

The royal ghost has pined in the city of Nanjing.

Ten thousand feet of iron chain were sunk here to the bottom --

And then came the flag of surrender on the Wall of Stone....

Cycles of change have moved into the past,

While still this mountain dignity has commanded the cold river;

And now comes the day of the Chinese world united,

And the old forts fill with ruin and with autumn reeds.

Thoughts of Old Time at West Fort Mountain by Liu Yuxi
Thoughts of Old Time at West Fort Mountain by Liu Yuxi

Original Text (中文原文)

王濬楼船下益州,金陵王气黯然收。

千寻铁锁沉江底,一片降幡出石头。

人世几回伤往事?山形依旧枕寒流。

从今四海为家日,故垒萧萧芦荻秋。

Analysis & Context

Seven-character-regular-verse

Composed in 824 AD (the fourth year of Changqing era) during Liu Yuxi's transfer from Kuizhou to Hezhou prefectures, this poem was inspired by the poet's passage through Xisai Mountain along the Yangtze. Confronting this historic site, Liu reflects on the Jin dynasty's conquest of Wu, using historical analogy to critique contemporary separatist tendencies while extolling national unity.

Reader's Companion

The Essence of the Verse

Classical Chinese poetry thrives on Concision and Ambiguity. Without tense or number, the words create a timeless space where the reader becomes the co-creator of the poem's meaning.

Reading Between the Lines

Look for Contrasts: light and shadow, movement and stillness. Don't just translate the words; feel the Yijing (artistic conception) that lingers long after the last character.

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