Tao Yuanming (陶渊明)

The Recluse & Father of Pastoral Poetry (365–427 AD)

Tao Yuanming (also known as Tao Qian) is universally revered as the supreme icon of the Chinese hermit lifestyle and the undisputed founder of the "Fields and Gardens" (田园) school of poetry. Living during the chaotic transition between the Eastern Jin and Liu Song dynasties, he famously resigned from his post as a local magistrate after just 81 days, declaring that he refused to "bow his waist for five pecks of rice." Turning his back on the hypocrisy of officialdom, he returned to his rural hometown to embrace a life of physical farming, poverty, and absolute spiritual freedom.

His poetic voice was fiercely revolutionary for its time. While his contemporaries favored heavily ornamented and overly complex verses, Tao Yuanming wrote with breathtaking simplicity and natural grace. His masterful depictions of blooming chrysanthemums, autumn harvests, homemade wine, and the legendary utopian vision of the Peach Blossom Spring established an immortal aesthetic of Zen-like tranquility. Centuries later, Tang Dynasty giants like Li Bai and Wang Wei would worship his work, forever cementing him as the spiritual anchor for any intellectual seeking refuge from the worldly dust.

Tao Yuanming - Father of Pastoral Poetry

The Masterpieces

On Jing Ke- 咏荆轲

Prince Dan of Yan had heroes in his court

And sought revenge on Qin with their support.

Among the hundred warriors free from fear,

Jing Ke was chosen at the end of the year.

Prepared to help his friend,an honest man,

Jing took his sword and left the state of Yan.

White horses neighed upon the open fields;

Men wished him good luck with their swords and shields.

His hat appeared to rise with indignation;

His tassels seemed to quiver with vexation.

In the farewell banquet by the Yishui Stream,

Sat at table heroes of esteem.

Gao Jianli struck up a poignant note;

Song Yi sang songs at the top of his throat.

High and low,the wind whined sad and bold;

Up and down,the waves sobbed mad and cold.

The low-pitch notes moved heroes into tears;

The high-pitch notes freed warriors out of fears.

Jing was aware that he could not return

But his fame as a hero he would earn.

He ne'er looked back when he stepped on his cart,

Riding to the Qin court with a valiant heart.

Ten thousand miles were passed without delay;

A thousand towns were travelled on the way.

When the map was unrolled,he thrust his sword

At the king of Qin,a tyrannous lord.

Pity that his thrust had missed the king,

A spoiled exploit of which the bards would sing.

Although the noble-minded Jing is dead,

For a thousand years or more his name will spread.

Drinking Wine- 饮酒

I made my home amidst this human bustle,

Yet I hear no clamour from the carts and horses.

My friend, you ask me how this can be so?

A distant heart will tend towards like places.

From the eastern hedge, I pluck chrysanthemum flowers,

And idly look towards the southern hills.

The mountain air is beautiful day and night,

The birds fly back to roost with one another.

I know that this must have some deeper meaning,

I try to explain, but cannot find the words.

The Complete Anthology

Returning to the Fields (田园与归隐)

Philosophical Musings & Wine (咏怀与饮酒)

Poverty, Life & Elegies (固穷与生死)

Explore Other Tang Masters:
Du Fu (The Sage) Li Bai (The Immortal) Wang Wei (The Painter)
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