Xu Gan

Xu Gan

徐幹

Xu Gan (徐幹, 170–217), courtesy name Weichang, was a distinguished member of the "Seven Scholars of Jian'an" and perhaps the most intellectually profound among them. Unlike his more politically active peers, Xu Gan was celebrated for his reclusive nature and his dedication to moral philosophy, culminating in his famous treatise, "Zhonglun" (Discourse on the Middle Way).

In the poetic realm, Xu Gan is best remembered for his "Miscellaneous Poems" (杂诗), which are regarded as some of the finest examples of the five-character meter in the Han Dynasty. His work is characterized by a delicate, contemplative tone, often exploring themes of separation, longing, and the internal moral life of the scholar. His poetry possesses a Vibe of Philosophical Calm, where emotional distress is tempered by a rational search for virtue and order amidst the chaos of the late Han era.

At CN-Poetry, we explore the thoughtful and elegant voice of Xu Gan through precise English translations. Experience the "Vibe" of the Jian'an spirit at its most reflective—capturing the intellectual depth and refined sentiment of a master who sought truth in both life and verse. Discover his legacy within our digital archives of classical thought.

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Representative Works

Boudoir Thoughts ( 室思诗 )

Among his 3 extant poems,the 6 stanzas of Boudoir Thoughts are the most famous,for they constitute the earliest example o…

The hanging clouds enhance my woe and grief;

From whom can I attain entire relief?

You are gone and here at home I stay;

We're kept indeed ten thousand miles away.


As there's no date when we shall meet again,

My heart is filled with pangs of woe and pain.

In hunger just to reunite with you,

I'm at a loss and know not what to do.

Erect I sit all day in selfsame place,

As if we talked together face to face.


Up and up I look to mountain peaks;

On and on I look to roads and creeks.

Day by day,it's farther you will go,

Day by day,it's older I will grow.


Human beings live a short lifespan,

Which fades like grass as soon as it begins.

Since time and tide goes with each passing day,

Why on earth should I meet trouble halfway?

Whenever thought of you comes to my mind,

I'm willing to leave myself far,far behind.


The cloud above is drifting easy and free;

I'd like the cloud to carry words for me.

Here it floats today,there tomorrow 

But I'm left alone with all my sorrow.


While other people have their time so sweet,

There is no date for you and me to meet.

Since you set out from home all by yourself,

My mirror has been put upon the shelf.

Like the river water that flows to the east,

My thought of you will never have decreased!


When the season dies away and flees,

The orchid blossoms wither on the trees.

I heave long sighs of deep concern,

Seeking solace in the hope of your return.


I toss and turn in sorrow on my bed,

And watch the never-ending night ahead.

I put on shoes and start to walk close by,

Gazing at the stars that dot the sky.

When I'm haunted by those shattered dreams,

My tears begin to fall in flowing streams.


When I look at your old towel and comb,

I feel the more tormented here at home.

Oh that I have the wings of those wild geese 

And come upon my husband in the breeze.


This dream will ne'er come true,as well I know,

I stand there with a fevered heart of woe.

Why is it that once you leave your wife,

There is no hope to meet again in life?

Like a pair of fish we used to stay,

But now we're cut off by the Milky Way. 


None treats his wife badly at the first;

I hope that you will not end at the worst.

Since you left home,years and years are passed;

Will your former love forever last?


If you forget your old love for the new,

You'll be denounced by the just and true.

Although you're miles and miles away from me,

I've never for a day forgotten thee.

Since our love won't fade out on your part,

I'm sure you'll always keep me in your heart.

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