This work was composed in the autumn of 766 CE, the first year of the Dali era under Emperor Daizong, while Du Fu was residing in the West Pavilion of Kuizhou (present-day Fengjie, Chongqing). A wanderer arriving in this place, the poet had taken lodging in a riverside pavilion high in the hills. Although the An Lushan Rebellion had been quelled, warfare continued unabated in the provinces. Regional warlords maintained their separatist power, Tibetan forces harassed the borders, and the nation knew no peace. Personally, he was worn down by illness and advancing age, his great ambitions come to nothing; the state was unstable, its future uncertain. This poem is a masterpiece of regulated verse forged on a single sleepless night, fusing the sights before his eyes, the sounds in his ears, and the profound anxieties of his heart. It stands as a concentrated portrait of both the consummate artistry and the inner emotional world of Du Fu’s final years.