Zhang Xian

Zhang Xian

张先

Zhang Xian (张先, 990–1078), courtesy name Ziye, was a legendary figure of the Northern Song Dynasty, celebrated for his extraordinary longevity, his vibrant romantic life, and his pivotal role in the evolution of the Ci lyric. Living to the age of 88, he bridged the gap between the early Song masters and the flourishing era of Su Shi, whom he counted as one of his closest younger friends. His life was a testament to the "leisured elegance" of the Song elite, characterized by high-society gatherings and a profound devotion to the arts.

Zhang Xian is immortalized in literary history by his unique nickname, "Zhang San-ying" (张三影 - Zhang of the Three Shadows). This title refers to his masterful use of "shadow" imagery in three famous lines, most notably from his masterpiece "Tian Xian Zi" (天仙子): "The moon breaks through the clouds, and flowers play with their shadows." He possessed a rare painterly eye, capturing the interplay of light and dark with a delicacy that few could match. His poetry radiates a Vibe of Luminous Shadows, where the world is seen through a veil of refined beauty, nostalgia, and a gentle, persistent romanticism.

At CN-Poetry, we explore the vibrant and visually rich voice of Zhang Xian through luminous English translations. Experience the "Vibe" of a man who remained a poet at heart until his final days—where the flickering of a shadow holds the weight of a lifetime. Discover the enduring soul of the Master of Shadows within our digital archives.

#MasterOfShadows#WanyueRomance#LuminousAesthetic

Representative Works

Lyrics to Blue Gate Prelude ( 青门引·乍暖还轻冷 )

ZHANG Xian

The weather is such that a moment's warmth could suddenly a slight chill become,

Then comes evening before the wind and rain come to a stop.

Quiet and empty is the courtyard, drawing near is the vernal equinox,

Here I am drinking among remnants of blossoms,

With the same sentimental malaise from last year I am struck.


Sobering is the sound of bugles blaring from the watch tower carried by the wind,

Deep into the night locked behind gates and doors is stillness.

Unbearable is what the bright moon conveys

Through the wall, the shadow of a swing.

Read Translation & Analysis →

Lyrics to the Bodhisattva Melody ( 菩萨蛮 )

ZHANG Xian

A Xiang River melody comes from a zither played plaintively,

Its every note depicts every green river ripple of Xiang expressively.

Slender fingers over thirteen strings

Stroke and pluck her deep lament delicately.


During the banquet, her eyes languors show,

The zither neck placed at a slant the manner of dashing geese imitate.

When her play comes to a segment that is most mournful,

Her brows are like mountains in spring overcast with clouds that hang low.

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Millennium Lyrics ( 千秋岁·数声鶗鴂 )

ZHANG Xian

There rise chirps of cuckoos, again they have come to call blossoms' end.

To seize spring, I longingly pick flowers' colourful remains.

Sudden rains and stormy winds the season of green plums commence.

Over the Yongfeng grounds, there's no one but drifting catkins all day.


Stroke not even a string, for it can such reticent bitterness express.

Unless the heavens mortal becomes, my love will never be laid to rest,

My heart is a cobweb doubled over, tied and knotted with a million frets.

The night is nearly over, the lamp has burnt out, the day hasn't broken yet.

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Peonies Cut Down ( 剪牡丹·舟中闻双琵琶 )

The poet describes his boating on the lake and the music of pipa he hears in the boat.The princess refers to Wang Zhoojun…

The green plain extends far and wide,

The azure sky hangs over waterside.

The endless river flows with ripples purified.

On willowy lanes there's no man in sight;

The willow falls down without shadow in flight.

People come back,drowned in slanting sunlight.

Girt with long belt and dressed with thin sleeves,

Girls vie in plucking flowers and green leaves.

They know how to tread on the waves,it seems,

On misty rivershore spring dreams.


Newly adorned with tassels red and ribbons green,

They live behind embroidered screen.

The painted boat goes without breeze.

The golden phoenix on the pipa sings with ease.

Who knows if the woe old or new is played?

Big and small pearls run riot on the plate of jade.

Flowers and eyebrows vie in beauty in vain.

Listen again!

When the princess sings of her dream,

It will calm down the moon and the stream.

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Spring in Painted Hall ( 画堂春·外湖莲子长参差 )

Zhang Xian’s Hua Tang Chun (画堂春·外湖莲子长参差)—a delicate, transition-era masterpiece of the early Northern Song Dy…

The lotus blooms in outer lake grow high and low;

After the rain over green hills fly the gulls white.

The painted boats on rippling water slowly go;

Our shadows move on mirror bright.

Two maidens sing the song of peach leaf in voices low,

Clad in light clothes apricot-red.

They come back with green shadow fed.

Read Translation & Analysis →

You wore the green dress ( 醉垂鞭 )

By Zhang Xian

You wore the green dress on the feast,

at first time i saw you,

your makeup is light,smiled like the jasmine

in the silent spring.


What a pulchritudinous angel you are

at the first i saw you.

You seemed to come from the mountain,

those clouds still remained on your dress.

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How long can i not think of you ( 一丛花令 )

By Zhang Xian

How long can i not think of you?

Nothing is more strong than love.

Sadness lets willow leaves drift in the rain,

your horse has gone far,

dust is still flying,

where could i hear your loving whispers again?


Two ducks play happily in the pond,

south and north are all the boat.

I lean on the attic where moonshine shines,

stay here i just think

it's better that i become the sakuras.

At least,sakuras can marry the east wind.

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I drink the wine to listen to love song ( 天仙子·水调数声持酒听 )

Zhang Xian’s Tian Xian Zi (天仙子·水调数声持酒听)—the crowning masterpiece of his career that earned him the legendary …

I drink the wine to listen to love song,

my mind gets clear but not my sorrow.

Those beautiful days has gone,will they come back?

Face the mirror,what a faded flower,

the love you gave me now is only in the memory.


On the seaside two birds snuggle together,

Pierces into cloud,moonshine sprinkles on lavenders.

turn off the candles,but my heart is still kindling for you.

Wind breezes me in this midnight,

tomorrow the fallen petals shall spread on the courtyard like snow.

Read Translation & Analysis →
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